miércoles, 1 de mayo de 2024

How to achieve success in difficult situations

Part 1.- For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

 

How to achieve success in difficult situations

 

Psychologists believe that you can give yourself the best (0)__________ chance to be successful and happy in your life. The (1)__________ to be successful and happy, they say, comes from within yourself. It is largely a (2)__________ of how you react to the many problems and difficulties that will inevitably (3)________ your way.  If you can train yourself to see these problems in a realistic, logical way, and to (4)_________ that they are a natural part of life, it becomes easier to control and manage them when they (5)___________.

 

Successful people (6)________  goals for themselves and have plans to (7)________ them to achieve these goals. They continually revisit these plans and review them. The are also very good at sensing when they need support and advice, and will seek out the best person to help them in this (8)_______. They are also flexible and adaptable showing when they need to change, and welcoming change as an exciting opportunity.

 

1

A) function

B) capacity

C) purpose

D) operation

 

2

A) situation

B) point

C) question

D) concern

 

3

A) come

B) take

C) meet

D) stand

 

4

A) tolerate

B) approve

C) receive

D) accept

5

A) obtain

B) result

C) occur

D) display

 

6

A) bring

B) put

C) turn

D) set

 

 

7

A) let

B) enable

C) suit

D) arrange

 

8

A) respect

B) relevance

C) reference

D) relation

The attraction of birdwatching

Part 3.- For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

 

The attraction of birdwatching

 

When asked to explain their (0) FASCINATION (FASCINATE) with their hobby, some birdwatchers might mention the simple (17)_________(PLEASURE) of getting out and walking in woods and noting what birds you come across. But the authors of a highly (18)_________(ENTERTAIN) new book, The Attraction of Bird Watching, describe a particularly thrilling occasion when they were (19)__________(DESPAIR) to see an extremely rare visitor to the shores of Maine in the USA. They compare the (20)_________(EXCITE) of preparing and researching for this expedition to that of extreme surfers, who eagerly chase the big wave, wherever it might occur. There is the same sense of anticipation, the (21)_________(CARE) checking of internet sightings and (22)________(REFER) guides, and above all the sense of having to be ready for (23)__________(SOME) that might appear only very briefly, if indeed it appears at all. The authors attempt to give an (24)_________(EXPLAIN) for this feeling, and speculate that it is perhaps a throwback to what primitive hunters would have felt.

Jazz musician

Part 5.- You are going to read an article about a jazz musician. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

 

Jazz musician

Reporter John Bungey meets the US  singer Gregory Porter, one of the hottest names in jazz.


Gregory Porter may be tired – he arrived from Zurich just 40 minutes ago – but at least he knows where he is. This is not always the case. There is a  smile as he sinks into a comfortable hotel chair. ‘Yeah, it happens ll the time. I wake up slowly, I’m kind of brain dead and I’m not sure where I am… and then you can lose days – fly over some data line, and what happened to Thursday? ‘If another singer has a right to be disoriented it is Porter, thanks to a midlife surge that propelled him fro obscurity into becoming jazz’s music’s number one vocal draw. Last year he spent 300 days on the road playing 250 dates. Every one sold out.

 

Porter sings jazz, gospel and soul in a rich baritone voice, often in a style that many thought had died out with black-and-white TV. He’s a road dog whose career (line16) depends on profitable live shows, not on the slim pickings of digital music streaming services. Hence a performing tour that sees him in Europe, with the odd American detour, all spring and summer. ‘To be the most streamed artist in jazz, what does that mean’ A cheque for about $120.’ Good job, then, that he loves the roar of the crowd. ‘There are certain nights when the voice is perfect and there’s nothing you can’t do. Your hearing is crystal-clear. You never know when that’s going to happen and that’s the magic of it.’

Porter, at 1.9 metres, has the build of the professional American football player he hoped he would be before injury intervened. He’s wearing trainers and jogging bottoms plus a smart tweed jacket and waistcoat – sort of half off-duty, half on. And then there’s the famous cap with its enveloping chin strap. No marketing department could dream him up.

 

At the age of 45, delayed success is all the sweetener. After college he tried odd jobs in a dog-food factory and mixing aromatherapy oils. He was a barista and in his mid-20s began to think that cookery might be his professional calling. In his free time he acted occasionally, but singing was a constant. ‘I had a great voice when I was 22, but I was looking for someone to make on – a producer and an arranger – and they never came. And I suffered.’

He says he has often reflected on the forces that shape a life. ‘What fascinates me is: how do you find your soil? Where is the best place to grow, to be what you can be?’ Perhaps some people never do find their place. ‘Yeah,’ he says. ‘Maybe that’s the angry person behind the window (line 45) when you’ve got to buy your ticket. Some people have settled in their discontent. I was pretty near there… I just needed to make a statement, however small, even if nobody heard it.’

 

That small statement – a demo, not a finished record – earned a hearing in Russia, where he played in concert halls to great acclaim. While there, he met his Russian wife, Victoria.

Porter writes more of his material than most singers in his field and says that spending so much of life being transported around between concerts does not get in the way; in fact sitting in the back of a car watching the scenery trundle by can inspire. ‘Something about my eyes darting back and forth as things pass. Something about motion always triggers me and my brain goes into a place where I start thinking about my past,, my dreams, my future. The poetry comes to me; the melody comes to me; they come together.’

 

 

31.- When meets the writer, Porter is…

A) relieved to find he has the right time and place.

B) more alert than he can sometimes be.

C) unaware of how late he is.

D) apologetic for being tired.

 

32.- The phrase ‘slim pickings’ (line 16) tells us that Porter…

A) is now in a position to choose the work he wants.

B) is listened to by relatively few younger people.

C) likes the simplicity of the idea of streaming.

D) earns little from streaming services.

 

33.- In his description of Porter’s appearance, the writer suggests that Porter…

A) doesn’t care much about how he looks off-stage.

B) doesn’t yet have a well-planned individual image.

C) doesn’t fit with the marketing image created for him.

D) doesn't use his muscular physique enough when performing.

 

 

34.- When Porter says he ‘suffered’ in his twenties, he is referring to the fact that…

A) none of the jobs he tried suited him.

B) certain people he trusted didn’t support him.

C) the opportunity he longed for didn’t happen.

D) he was often too busy to keep us his singing.

 

35.- The ‘angry person behind the window’ (line 45) represents someone who…

A) has no capacity for deep thoughts about life.

B) thinks of themselves before other people.

C) should make more of an effort in their job.

D) has accepted they’re never going to achieve their dreams.

 

36.- Porter says that travelling in the back of a car…

A) is something he’s had to get used to.

B) enables him to think creatively.

C) is less than ideal for writing down new songs.

D) has become his way of switching off and relaxing.

Striking the right note

Part 7.- You are going to read an article about a composer of background music called Michael Reed. For questions 43-52 choose from the sections (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

 

In which section does the writer mention...

Michael being unsure which programme his music will be used for? 43.-____

evidence of the wide range of Michael’s professional expertise? 44.-____

Michael appreciating the opportunity to try out different things? 45.-____

the need to be strict about scheduling the composing of music? 46.-____

Michael getting fed up at one point in his musical career? 47.-____

some music which gives the listener a false impression? 48.-_____

Michael enjoying a new feeling of being in total control of his work? 49.-_____

the difficulty of working for an unpredictable financial reward? 50.-____

Michael briefly forgetting that he was the composer of certain music? 51.-____

the factors which affect how long Michael needs to compose some music? 52.-____

 

Striking the right note

David Waller goes to meet Michael Reed, a composer of background music.


A.- Your ears slowly fill with sound, first with sme foreboding cello, then an aerie female vocal and the occasional bang of a drum. The sounds gain in intensity before suddenly breaking into the epic sweeep of a full orchestra. Eyes closed, it sounds like the soundtrack for a nightmarish futuristic, film landscape, but this is a simple house in Devon, England Michael Reed welcomes me and shows me to his self-built studio in the basement. There the composer of music for film, commercials and television has a giant sound desk, monitor speakers, piles of dusty synthesisers, and a full drum kit. Reed has produced hundreds of pieces of music in this room, layering a mix of computer samples and live instrumentation. A piece, he says, ‘could take anything from 15 minutes to five days, depending on everything from the complexity of instrumentation to how tired you are, it’s really difficult to say,’ Right, on this day I’m going to write this bit of music. ’But when it comes down to it, you have to.’

 

B.- The majority of Reed’s output is library music, pieces written to a brief but with no specific purpose, to be picked up later by shows and film trailers that need a soundtrack. It’s usually not until he receives his foru monthly statement of earnings that he sees where his work has ended up. In the last period, that meant a soap opera, cookery show and a documentary about dogs. ‘I once went on holiday to Lake Geneva,’ he says. ‘I turned on the TV and saw an advert for Visit Turkey and my music was in the background. Another time I was in my old house and heard some music I recognised coming through the wall. I liked it. Then I realised I’d written it!’

 

C.- It’s an old way to encounter your own work and certainly it’s not the music career he had envisaged. At university, Reed studied musical composition and afterwards had his heart set on becoming a drummer. He ended up playing in sessions at the prestigious Abbey Road recording studios. But the reality of life as a professional drummer was rather tedious, with endless car journey all over Britain, transporting his drums around. But then some music industry friends introduced Reed to composition work. His first succesfully pitch for a television commercial earned him $3,000 and provided a valuable lesson: it was better paid and being in charge of the whole process was far more fulfilling. He goes back through his millions of files and digs out samples of his work, from classical pieces recorded with a full live orchestra through pop, drum and bass to specific work he has produced for films.

 

D.- Yet from business point of view, working in the music industry is like sailing on a rocky sea. Reed risks producing work that he never gets paid for. While his four-monthly earnings statement will have hundreds of individual entries, the total for each individual track could be anything from thousands of pounds to pennies. I’ve been doing it 15 years now and there doesn’t always seem to be a correlation between what you’re most proud of and what makes you the most money.’ Still, Reed is happy about the unexpected decision his music has taken him in. ‘You have to remember that you can do something cool with each piece and experiment with new sounds. Then you suddenly find yourself really enjoying what you’re writing… I’m really lucky.’

My journey with swans

Part 6.- You are going to read an article about a woman who flew with migrating swans. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (37-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

 

My journey with swans

Conversationist and adventure Sacha Dench joined Bewick’s swans on their 11,000 kilometre migration from Russia to England.


I caught sight of the south coast of England on Nov 29, from the skies above northern France. It was the first moment during my three-month paramotor journey, following Bewick’s swans as they migrated from Russia’’s Artic tundra to Britain, that I’d thought about coming home. Our final destination, Slimbridge Wetland Centre in Gloucestershire, was a few days away.

 

Adventure has always been part of my life since I grew up in the remote Australian bush. I spent a lot of time diving under water. I moved to Britain at 15 and later took a biology degree in London. I was there that I took up free-diving as a sport. Free-diving, combined with my conservation interests, took me around the world. I worked for the Environment Agency, spending time in South America looking at indigenous development projects. 37.-_____ It was also in South America that I was introduced to paragliding, and after two years I tried a paramotor, basically a paraglider with a motor and propeller attached.

 

The link between these interests and the plight of the Bewick’s swans came last year. I now work at the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, and attended a presentation by the top Bewick’s researchers. The swans decline had become rapid, they said, and something needed to be done urgently. 38.-_____ The migration route of these birds from the Artic across ten countries to Britain sounded amazing. How could we use it to find out what was causing the swan’s decline and engage the people along they way who were possibly part of the problem?

 

Some months later the idea came to me. 39.-______ Whenever I’d land in Britain the questioning would be intense – Where have you come from? Why would you do that? – all the kinds of questions we wanted people to be asking about the Bewick’s swans. I realised that in a paramotor I could fly all the places the birds went, at the same speed and attitude, and thus learn a lot more about them.

40.-_____ We got permission from the Russians to fly through large parts of their country. I practised water landings in case the paramotor’s engine failed when I crossed the English Channel and spent time in a cold chamber testing all the kit. I launched on September 1, supported by a team of 14 people to film me and the birds, and made sure everything ran smoothly. The first time I flew with the swans was magical. They soared in a big ‘V’ formation 50m above me, letting me get the first accurate recording of their speed – 45-50km/hour.

By the time I crossed the Channel, the size of the flock soaring over me was much smaller than it had been in Russia. To date only 150 of the 18,000 swans have made it to Slimbridge. Most of the rest of them will spend winter in the Netherlands; and some will not make it home at all. 41.-_____ Alongside changing weather patterns, predation and the disappearance of wetland’s are major issues.

 

Many people simply found it hard to believe that we cared so much. 42.-______ Perhaps next year they’ll take interest in a few more of these special birds completing their journeys.


A) Preparation began in earnest.

B) It taught me the value of telling the stories of conservation, finding ways of involving people.

C) There were lows, of course, such as when I dislocated my knee trying to take off.

D) I hope my human effort will have inspired them.

E) My trip has certainly brought the challenges the birds face into sharp focus.

F) Paramotoring is still unusual enough that it fascinates people.

G) Their action plan didn’t sound like it would work quickly enough.

Ice-cream farm

Part 1.- For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the begin...