Part 6.- Cross-matching.

You are going to read four reviews of a book about habits. For the questions below, choose from the reviews A-D. The review may be chosen more than one

A

This book contains many obvious ideas, but if you are analyzing human behaviour, this is almost inevitable. However, it provides a useful framework which enables us to see ourselves more clearly. Rather than choosing to concentrate on particular habits, or acting as an all-knowing adviser, the author has assembled a collection of experiments which are relevant to real life. Non-experts should easily grasp the book’s central ideas, but rather than reading it from cover to cover, it would suggest picking it up to for ten minutes every day because this will enable you to consider everything carefully, and allow you gradually to build up a picture of why you do what you do and give you ideas about how you might change your behaviour. This book will have a greater impact than some others because it focuses on ordinary habits and avoids dealing with more sensational behaviour.

B

I almost didn’t get as far as the practical ideas in this book because of basic errors in the introductory comments about the significance of habits. As I was reading, it occurred to me that many of the types of behaviour that the author referred to as habits were not habits in the accepted sense of the word. He also said that habits are not conscious – something that is only partially true. I almost gave up reading, but then the author quoted research on ways in which intentions can be put into practice, and from then on the book improved. He had some across studies which I found interesting and informative. Unfortunately, insufficient detail on these studies was included, which meant that it was impossible for me to assess their significance. To conclude, I would say the new research quoted in the chapter on intentions makes up for some of the book’s flaws.

C

In addition to wanting more specific examples, I found myself wishing the author had expanded on his practical advice. The book would also have benefited from some interactive material, which I had presumed it would include. An attractive feature of other recent works on similar subjects is the frequent opportunities readers have to test and measure themselves in a variety of simple but highly informative psychological diagnostic tools. Ironically, these weaknesses derive from one of the author’s major strengths: namely, his modesty. He doesn’t try to promote his favourite theories or push his own habit cures. Commendably, he allows readers to make their own decisions and implement their own change regimes. For my part, I took away a new found enthusiasm for some long-forgotten techniques and a resolution to avoid sugar in the new year. The book gains by focusing on normal rather than abnormal behaviour.

D

When I bought this book, I imagined it was going to be a sort of guide to giving up bad habits, such as smoking or gambling. I soon realized that it was no such thing, but a very interesting study of human psychology. We are presented with a description of how habits work that is accessible to non-specialists. We find out how and why habits develop, why some habits are necessary – and what can go wrong when our habits get out of control. He considers ways in which we benefit from habits and urges us to work out which habits have a positive influence on our lives and which are negative. It is important to point out that you don’t need a degree in psychology to find this book enjoyable. As a non-scientist with a limited knowledge of the subject, I found it well written and easy to follow.

Which reviewer shares reviewer A’s opinion about the main focus of attention in the book?

Speaker A

Speaker B

Speaker C

Speaker D

Which reviewer like reviewer C, approached the book, with expectations that were not met?

Speaker A

Speaker B

Speaker C

Speaker D

Which reviewer agrees with reviewer D about the kind of readers the book is aimed at?

Speaker A

Speaker B

Speaker C

Speaker D

Which reviewer expresses a different view from the others about the writer’s definition of the book’s subject matter?

Speaker A

Speaker B

Speaker C

Speaker D